奥地利：去超市购物要戴口罩
Austrian supermarkets on Wednesday began handing out basic face masks to largely compliant shoppers before they become compulsory next week, though there remained some confusion about the new measure and uncertainty about its usefulness in fighting the coronavirus.
本周三（4月1日），奥地利的超市开端向顾客发放口罩，大部分人都能恪守要求，下周开端，在进入超市时戴口罩将成为强制要求。不过，仍有人对这项新办法感到困惑，也不确定这是否能有用防护新冠病毒。
Chancellor Sebastian Kurz said on Monday masks would soon be required in supermarkets and possibly later in public places in general.
奥地利总理塞巴斯蒂安·库尔茨于本周一（4月1日）称，很快就会要求民众去超市时佩带口罩，往后或许还会要求咱们在公共场所佩带口罩。
"These masks are handed out in front of supermarkets," Kurz said. "It will be compulsory to wear them in supermarkets." He added that the goal was for people to wear them elsewhere in public, as well.
库尔茨说：“这些口罩在超市门口发放，在超市里有必要戴着。”他弥补说，方针是让人们在其他公共场合也佩带口罩。
The masks are below medical grade, but Kurz said the new mandate would hopefully help slow the rate of infection.
这些口罩没有到达医用等级，但库尔茨标明，新规则有望协助下降感染率。
"I am fully aware that masks are alien to our culture," he said. "This will require a big adjustment."
他说：“我很清楚，口罩与咱们的文明方枘圆凿。这需求人们转变观念。”
Neighboring Slovakia and the Czech Republic, which have far fewer cases, have introduced a more sweeping measure, making face masks compulsory outside the home. Support for wearing masks in public appears to be rising across Europe.
奥地利的邦邻斯洛伐克和捷克共和国的新冠肺炎确诊病例要少得多，但两国现已采取了一项更全面的办法，要求人们出门有必要戴口罩。在欧洲，要求在公共场所戴口罩的呼声渐渐的升高。
“I believe he is right. Yes, Kurz is handling this correctly,” a shopper at a Vienna supermarket who gave only her first name, Martina, said after putting on a free mask.
“我信任他是对的。是的，库尔茨这样应对很正确，”维也纳一家超市的顾客玛蒂娜戴上免费口罩后说。
Austria borders Italy, one of the world’s hardest-hit countries but moved earlier in its outbreak to shut down schools, bars and other gathering places. Its more than 10,000 cases have yet to overwhelm its health system, but Kurz says that could happen in two weeks. There have been 146 deaths so far.
奥地利与意大利接壤，意大利是世界上受新冠肺炎疫情影响最严峻的国家之一，但在疫情爆发初期，意大利就封闭了校园、酒吧和其他集合场所。奥地利新冠肺炎确诊病例已超1万例，医疗系统仍在正常运转。可是库尔兹说，医疗系统或许在两周内溃散。奥地利的新冠肺炎逝世病例有146例。
Kurz says the aim is to prevent the wearer coughing or sneezing on others and infecting them. The measure has been widely supported. The head of the opposition Social Democrats said masks should also be compulsory on public transport.
库尔茨说，要求戴口罩是为防止人们朝着别人咳嗽或打喷嚏并感染别人。这项办法得到了广泛支撑。反对党社会民主党首领标明，人们乘坐公共交通工具时也应该强制戴口罩。
Masks will be compulsory in supermarkets and drug stores of more than 400 square meters as of Monday.
从下周一（4月6日）开端，奥地利超越400平方米的超市和药店将强制要求顾客佩带口罩。
德国耶拿宣告“口罩强制令”
Shortly after Kurz's announcement, Germany signaled that it too might ask citizens to wear face masks in public once the country's lockdown measures are eased.
库尔茨宣告这一办法后不久，德国就标明，一旦封闭办法放松，或将相同要求民众在公共场合戴口罩。
Hanno Kautz, a spokesman for the German health ministry, was asked Monday at a regular news conference whether Germany was considering following Austria in requiring shoppers to wear non-medical face masks in supermarkets. Kautz responded that doing so could help protect others from contracting the illness if the person wearing the mask was infected.
德国卫生部发言人汉诺·考茨基本周一（3月30日）在例行新闻发布会上被问及，德国是否正在考虑仿效奥地利，要求人们在超市购物时佩带非医用口罩。考茨基回应说，假如戴口罩的人患病，这样做可以维护其别人不受感染。
The city of Jena in eastern Germany has decided to make people wear face masks when shopping or traveling on public transport, stepping up efforts to curb coronavirus contagion and becoming the first city in the country to introduce the measure.
德国东部城市耶拿决议让人们在购物或乘坐公共交通工具时戴上口罩，加大力度遏止新冠肺炎疫情的延伸，成为该国首个施行这一办法的城市。
Jena, which has 119 coronavirus infections and an overall population of about 110,000, decided to follow the example of Austria.
耶拿总人口约为11万，新冠肺炎确诊病例有119例。该市决议仿效奥地利的做法。
“In a week’s time, wearing mouth and nose protection in shops in Jena, on public transport and buildings with public traffic will be compulsory,” Jena City Hall said in a statement.
耶拿市政厅在一份声明中说：“一周后，人们在耶拿的商铺、公共交通和公共建筑内都有必要戴口罩。”
Given shortages of protective masks, the city in the state of Thuringia said towels or scarves wrapped over peoples’ mouths and noses would be acceptable, and it encouraged individuals to sew their own.
因为防护口罩紧缺，坐落图林根州的耶拿标明，人们也可以用毛巾或围巾裹住口鼻，并鼓舞人们自己缝制口罩。
美国总统特朗普：美国人“可以戴围巾”来代替口罩
在当地时间3月31日的新闻发布会上，特朗普评论了美国民众佩带口罩的潜在需求。
Trump said that Americans “can wear scarves” in lieu of masks.
特朗普标明，美国人“可以戴围巾”来代替口罩。
“You know, you can use a scarf. A lot of people have scarfs, and you can use a scarf. A scarf would be very good. My feeling is if people want to do it, there’s certainly no harm to it. I would say do it, but use a scarf if you want, rather than going out and getting a mask or whatever, we're making millions and millions of masks," Trump said when asked if he would recommend all Americans wear masks.
在被问及是否主张一切美国人戴口罩时，特朗普说：“你们知道，可以用围巾。很多人都有围巾，你们可以用围巾。围巾仍是很好用的。我的感觉是假如人们想要戴口罩，必定没害处。我会说那就戴吧，但假如你们乐意的话就戴条围巾，而不是出门去买口罩或其他东西，咱们正在出产数以百万计的口罩。”
Trump said he wants the masks being produced to go to hospitals that need them.
特朗普标明，他期望出产的口罩可以送到有需求的医院。
“We want them to go to the hospitals. But one of the things that Dr. Fauci told me today is we don’t want everybody competing with the hospitals where you really need them,” Trump added.
“咱们咱们都期望把口罩送去医院，但今日福奇博士（国家过敏症和流行症研讨所所长）告知我，咱们不期望任何一个人都与真实需求口罩的医院去抢口罩，”特朗普说。
世界卫生组织：专家委员会将对是否戴口罩做出评价
Should more of us wear face masks to help slow the spread of coronavirus?
是不是应该让更多人戴口罩来协助减缓新冠病毒的传达呢？
This question is to be assessed by a panel of advisers to the World Health Organization (WHO).
这样的一个问题将由世界卫生组织的一个专家委员会进行评价。
The group will weigh up research on whether the virus can be projected further than previously thought; a study in the US suggests coughs can reach 6m and sneezes up to 8m.
该委员会将评价病毒是否能喷射到比之前预期更远的间隔。美国的一项研讨标明，咳嗽喷出的飞沫传达间隔可达6米，打喷嚏可达8米。
The panel's chair, Prof David Heymann, told BBC News that the new research may lead to a shift in advice about masks.
专家委员会主席大卫·海曼教授告知英国广播公司新闻频道说，这项新研讨或许会改动咱们对戴口罩的主张。
He said that if the evidence is supported, then "it might be that wearing a mask is equally as effective or more effective than distancing."
他说，假如有依据支撑，那么“戴口罩或许和坚持间隔相同有用，乃至更有用”。
But he adds a warning that masks need to be worn properly, with a seal over the nose. If they become moist, Prof Heymann explained, then particles can pass through. People must remove them carefully to avoid their hands becoming contaminated.
但他提示说，需求正确佩带口罩，口罩要有鼻部密封条。海曼教授解说说，假如口罩受潮，微粒就可以经过。人们摘口罩时有必要当心，避免手被污染。
He adds that masks need to be worn consistently.
他弥补说，口罩需求一向佩带。
"It's not on to wear a mask and then decide to take it off to smoke a cigarette or eat a meal - it must be worn full time," he said.
他说：“不能戴上口罩后，再摘掉口罩抽支烟或吃顿饭，而是有必要一向戴着口罩。”
