原标题：英语语法温习系列 高考的八大常见时态
第五章 动词的时态和语态
（1）一般现在时考点分析
①表明客观事实或一般真理（不受时态约束）
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
②表明现状、性质、状况时多用系动词或状况动词；表明常常或习气性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时刻状语连用。
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
③表明感觉、情绪、爱情、某种笼统的联系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think
belong seem等。如：
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在时刻、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时替代将来时。但要留意由if 引导的条件状语从句中能够用shall或will表“志愿”，但不表明时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.假如你乐意承受并参与咱们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少量用于表明起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时替代将来时，表明一个按规则、方案或组织要发作的动作。当be表明依据时刻或事前组织，肯定会呈现的状况，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
（2）一般曩昔时的考点分析（查核要点）。
①一般曩昔时的根本用法：表明曩昔的工作、动作或状况常与表明曩昔详细的时刻状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达曩昔的习气；表明说话人本来没有料到、想到或期望的事一般用曩昔式。如：
I met her in the street yesterday.
②假如从句中有一个曩昔的时刻状语，虽然从句中的动作先于主句发作，但从句中的谓语动词连用曩昔式。如：
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表明两个紧接着发作的动作，常由以下词语衔接，用一般曩昔时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
④常用一般曩昔时的句型：
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
（3）一般将来时考点分析。
①表明未来的动作或状况常用will / shall + 动词（常与表明将来的时刻状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表明一种趋向或习气动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
③表明趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的方式表明将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及差异：
be going to 表明现在方案在最近或将来要做某事，这种方案往往通过事前考虑，乃至已做了某种预备；shall / will do表明未事前考虑过，即说话时暂时作出的决议。
be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表志愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(过错)
be to do sth.表按方案、组织行将发作的动作，还可表明叮咛、指令、制止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表明“即可，就要”，后边不能接时刻状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
（4）现在进行时考点分析。
①表明说话时正在发作着的一个动作；表明现阶段但不一定是发作在说话时；表近期特定的组织或方案；go、come等起止动作可用进行时替代将来时。如：
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the baby before six.)
The girl is always talking loud in public. (与always、often等频度副词连用，表常常重复的举动或某种爱情颜色)
②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
（A）表明心思状况、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。
（B）表存在的状况的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。
（C）表明一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表明感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
（5）曩昔完结时考点分析（查核要点）。
①常用曩昔完结时的几种状况：
（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表明曩昔某一时刻的短语或从句曾经发作的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.
(B)表明曾完结的期望、方案、目的、许诺等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/
though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词曩昔式接不定式完结式表明即：hoped / planned … + to have done。
（C）“时刻名词 + before”在语句中作状语，谓语动词用曩昔完结时；“时刻名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般曩昔式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
（D）表明“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / scarcely had + 主语 + 曩昔分词 + when / than / before + 一般曩昔时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
②在before或after引导的时刻状语从句顶用一般曩昔时态替代曩昔完结时。
After he (had) left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
（6）曩昔将来时考点分析。
参照一般将来时比照：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表曩昔将来；come、go、leave等曩昔进行时表曩昔将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表曩昔将来。
（7）曩昔进行时考点分析。
①曩昔某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发作或频频发作。
②某一动作发作时另一动作正在发作，其间一个在由when或while引导的时刻状语从句中。
（8）现在完结时考点分析。
①现在完结时除能够和for、since引导的状语连用外，还能够和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完结时
It is (has been) + 一段时刻 + since从句
This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完结时
This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完结时
This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完结时
③在时刻或条件状语从句中，现在完结时能够替代一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
（9）留意几组时态的差异：
①一般曩昔时与现在完结时：时刻上有差异：凡有曩昔时刻的均用曩昔时态，不能用完结时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
成果上有差异：现在完结时着重的是对“现在”的影响和成果，动作到现在刚完结或还在持续；一般曩昔时着重的是动作发作在“曩昔”，和现在毫无联系。
②曩昔完结时与一般曩昔时：曩昔完结时着重的是“曩昔的曩昔”；如呈现同一主语接连几个动作（“连谓”）方式则只用一般曩昔时即可。
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