【考点直击】
1. 语法共同的准则
2. 含义共同的准则
3. 附近共同的准则
【名师点睛】
谓语受主语分配，须和主语在人称和数上保持共同，这叫做主谓共同。主谓
共同一般遵从三条准则：语法共同准则，含义共同准则和就近共同准则。
1. 语法共同的准则
(1)以奇数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用奇数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and衔接的并排成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并排主语假如指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用奇数。例如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
(3)由and衔接的并排奇数主语之前假如分别由each, every润饰时，其谓语动词要用奇数方式。例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是奇数时，虽然后边跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用奇数。例如：
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只要复数方式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用奇数。例如：
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
假如这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作奇数，谓语动词的单复数方式往往取决于pair的单复数方式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 含义共同的准则
(1)表时刻、间隔、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用奇数。例如：
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
(2)有些调集名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个全体看待，谓语动词用奇数;如指其间每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表明的含义来决议谓语动词的单复数方式。假如代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;假如代词代表奇数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用奇数。例如：
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种状况：主语表明复数含义，谓语动词用复数;主语表明奇数含义，则谓语动词用奇数。例如：
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后边的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是奇数，谓语动词用奇数。例如：
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
(6)half, the rest等表明不定数量的名词作主语时，假如所指为复数含义，动词用复数;假如所指为奇数含义，动词用奇数。例如：
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，一般谓语动词用奇数方式。但假如所指内容为复数含义时，谓语动词用复数方式。例如：
What she said is correct.
What she left me are a few old books.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往依据含义共同的准则决议谓语动词的单复数方式。假如这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;假如指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用奇数方式。例如：
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
3. 附近共同的准则
(1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等衔接的并排主语，假如一个是奇数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近共同准则，与最接近它的主语共同。例如：
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和接近的主语共同。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
(3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相共同。
He as well as I is responsible for it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有职责。
(4)以here最初的语句，其谓语动词和接近的主语共同。
Here is a letter and some books for you.
【实例解析】
1. (天津市中考试题)
How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
答案：B。该题考察的是主谓共同。Ten years一般被看作是一个时刻全体，谓语动词用奇数方式。
2. (南通市中考试题)
Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
答案：D。该题考察的是主谓共同。假如由not only…but also衔接两个并排主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持共同，谓语动词使用奇数方式。又由于他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不必has been。
3. (吉林市中考试题)
Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.
A. nor I am B. nor I are
C. or me are D. or me is
答案：A。该题考察的是主谓共同。Neither…nor是一组连词，可衔接连个并排主语，其谓语动词应同接近的主语I保持共同, 因而应选A。
4. (包头市中考试题)
Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
答案：A。该题考察的是主谓共同。这个语句的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因而谓语动词使用复数方式。(deer单复数相同)
