原标题:小学英语基础常识汇总大全,主张保藏!
榜首部分 基础常识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.音标:48个音标
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.语句:大小写,标点符号
第二部分 语法常识
1名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般状况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结束,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“子音字母+y”结束,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结束,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规矩名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数便是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词一切格:
a) 奇数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结束的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结束的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
并排名词中,如果把 ’s加在最终一个名词后,表明共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表明一切物不是共有的,应分别在并排名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表明无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表明一切联系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
2冠词:不定冠词,定冠词品种
(1)不定冠词:a / an
元音最初的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词:the
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is>(2)复述上文说到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)说话两边都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
不必冠词的状况:
(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表明一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科称号前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称号或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
3代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词,物主代词
人称代词物主代词
主格宾格
榜首
人称奇数I(我)me my(我的)
复数we(咱们)us our(咱们的)
第二
人称奇数you(你) you your(你的)
复数you(你们)you your(你们的)
第三
人称奇数he(他)him his(他的)
she(她)her her(她的)
it(它)it its(它的)
复数they(他们/她们/它们)them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
形容词,副词:比较级,第一流
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在语句中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后边一般带有单词than。比较级前面能够用more, a little来润饰表明程度。than后的人称代词用主格(白话中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规矩:
⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 结束,加r ;
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个子音字母结束,应双写结束的子音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以“子音字母+y”结束,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规矩形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的差异(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在语句中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在语句中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的改变规矩根本与形容词比较级相同(不规矩改变:well-better, far-farther)
4数词:基数词、序数词
基数词
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中心加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,榜首个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion
1,001→one thousand and>18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规矩改变
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结束的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀
基变序,有规矩,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特别记,词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
5介词:常用介词:in,>
1.at表明时刻概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时刻、阶段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(拂晓、午夜、正午)
2.on
1)表明详细日期。
注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表明法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整个周末
during the weekend在周末期间
(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?
2)在(刚……)的时分。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给爸爸妈妈打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表明"时段"、"时期",在大都状况下能够和during交换,前者着重比照,后者着重继续。in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
6动词:动词的四种时态
(1)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 咱们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称奇数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜爱汉语。
动词+s的改变规矩
1.一般状况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结束,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“子音字母+y”结束,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规矩有:
A、规矩动词
① 一般直接在动词的后边加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结束的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以子音字母加y结束的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (留意play、stay不是子音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最终一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规矩动词(此类词并无规矩,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般将来时:
根本结构:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明日). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing方式的构成规矩:
① 一般的直接在后边加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结束的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最终一个字母的(此类动词很少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
第三部分 句法
陈说句
(1)必定句:是指用必定的口气来陈说的语句,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2)否定句:含有否定词或表明否定含义词的语句,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
疑问句
一般疑问句:是指问询现实的语句,此类语句必须用“yes”,或“no”来答复。
特别疑问句:以特别疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)最初引导的语句。此类语句应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来答复。
There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的差异
1、There be 句型表明:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是奇数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词依据最*近be 动词的那个名词决议。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的差异:there be 表明在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表明或人具有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于必定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于必定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量发问的特别疑问句的根本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语发问的特别疑问句的根本结构是:
What’s + 介词短语?
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