原标题：英语特级教师总结：备战中考，英语名词易错知识点专题讲练
易错知识点清单
1. information, message, news
(1) information作“信息”解,一般指在阅览、调查、说话或书信往来中特别重视的音讯、情报、材料等。它偏重内容，是不可数名词。如:
They must find out some information about planes to Kunming as quickly as possible.
他们有必要赶快查到有关飞往昆明班机的信息。
(2) news作“新闻”解，一般指经过播送、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向群众发布的社会各方面的最新音讯，它偏重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。如:
There's a piece of interesting news in today's newspaper.在今日的报纸上有一条风趣的音讯。
No news is good news.没音讯便是好音讯。
(3) message作“音讯”解，一般指口头传递的或书写的“音讯”,是可数名词。如:
She often sends messages to me with her mobile phone.她常常给我发手机短信。
2. noise，voice，sound
(1) sound“声响”，为最常用词，指能够听到的任何声响，强的，弱的，令人愉快的或不愉快的，有意义的或无意义的。如:
I was reading last night,when suddenly I heard a sound in the next room.
昨夜我正看书时,忽然听到近邻房间有声响。
(2) noise常指太响或人们不肯听到的声响,“嘈杂声、喧闹声”。如:
The boys made too much noise.孩子们太吵闹了。
(3) voice 指“说话声”“唱歌声”“嗓音”如:
That sounds like Mary's voice.那声响听起来如同玛丽的声响。
3. family，house，home，room
(1) family 的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”，与寓居的房子无关。当family作为全体概念的“家庭”讲时是奇数；当“家庭成员”讲时是复数。如:
Mr Green's family is very large.格林先生家里的人许多。
(2) house 指“家”时意义较窄，仅指“房子”这一建筑物，一般指独门独户的房子，不指高楼。如:
There are many new houses in our village.咱们村里有许多新房子。
(3) home 指“家、居处”，指一个人(或一家人)寓居的当地，也可指一个人出世或长大的当地(村庄、城市或国家等)。它具有house所没有的爱情颜色(如“聚会”、“怀念”等)。如:
The American friends are leaving Beijing for home tomorrow.明日美国朋友要脱离北京回国了。
East or west,home is best.金窝银窝不如自己的草窝。
(4) room除作可数名词用表明“房间”外，还可用作不可数名词，指“空间；当地；地步”。例如:
There is only standing room in the bus.公共汽车上只要站的当地了。
4. place，room，area，space
(1) place表明一个详细地址。如:
We will meet up at the place where we met last Friday.
咱们在上周五碰头的当地碰头。
(2 ) room当表明当地的时分，一般在这样的情况下用，表明容得下容不下的意思。如:
There is no room for her.这没她的当地。
(3) area表明一片区域。如:
Tibet area藏区
(4) space表明当地的时分一般表实意。
We could put bags at that space.
咱们能够把包放在那个空位。
5. problem，question
(1) question 是需求“答复”的问题，question 往往是“疑问”。problem 是需求“处理”的问题。problem所指的问题，往往是“老难的问题”。这两个词在实践使用中，一般不能彼此替代。如:
Please answer the following questions.请答复以下问题。
(2) problem指说话者以为难以处理的问题，它与动词solve或settle(处理)调配。而question指说话者需求寻觅答案的问题，它常与动词ask或answer连用。试比较:
①The problem is difficult to be solved.
这个问题很难处理。
②May I ask you some questions?
我能够问你一些问题吗?
problem可用于数学或物理的习题，而question却无此义。question可表明一件“与……有关的事”。试比较:
①Can you work out this maths problem?
你能算出这道数学题吗?
②It's a question of money/time.
这是一个与金钱/时刻有关的问题。
6. suggestion，advice
(1) suggestion是可数名词，表明“定见，主张，提议”，特指为了改善或处理某一问题而提出主张、方法等，但不必定正确，仅供参考。口气比advice谦让、含蓄。多用作可数名词，常和介词about,as to,at,on,by,with等调配。如:
This trip was made at his teacher's suggestion.这次游览是由他的教师主张安排的。
By her mother's suggestion the contribution was raised.依据她妈妈的主张发起了募捐。
表明“一条主张”用a suggestion，“一些主张”是some suggestions,“许多主张”是many suggestions。
(2) advice表明“劝说，定见，点拨”，是指具有丰厚的知识、满足的阅历、正确的判别力和正确的观念的人对另一个人的“劝说”或“见地”，既能够是关于严厉的事物，也能够对琐碎作业提出定见。advice常常带有客观性质，在实践使用中，但凡与自己没有关系，彻底是为了对方而提出的定见或主张都可用advice。
advice是不可数名词表明“一条主张”是a piece of advice,“一些主张”是some advice:
On the doctor's advice her mother is staying in bed.
她的妈妈遵医嘱卧床歇息。
You must act with advice at present.现在,你必定要慎重行事。
advice常和介词against,at,by,for,of,on,to,about,with等调配。如:
My advice to you is that you should treat your wife with more consideration.
我给你的劝说是你要多关心妻子。
It was only by my advice that she had given up the idea.
在我的劝导下她才抛弃了这个想法。
7. influence，effect
(1) influence 表明“影响”，主要指对行为、性情、观念等发生直接的或耳濡目染的影响。一般为不可数名词，但有时可连用不定冠词。如:
What you read influences your thinking.你读的东西对你的思维有影响。
Television has a strong influence on people.电视对人有很大的影响。
influence可用作及物动词。如:
It's clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso.她的画明显受了毕加索的影响。
(2) effect可用作可数或不可数名词。用作可数名词时，常与介词on连用。have an effect on相当于affect。如:
To affect a policy is to have an effect on it.影响一项方针便是对该方针具有一种影响。
The news had no effect on her at all.=The news did not affect her at all.这条音讯对她没有一点影响。
effect有时虽用作动词(及物),但不表明“影响”,而表明“完成”或“发生”等。如:
He effected great changes in the company.他使公司发生了巨大的改变。
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提分战略
一. 答题时，首要要注意语句中名词是奇数仍是复数方式，是可数名词仍是不可数名词，并要搞清楚所给选项中的名词概念上的差异。
【例1】
It's convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway.
—Yes. It's said that is enough.
A. fifteen minutes drive
B. fifteen-minutes drive
C. fifteen minute's drive
D. fifteen minutes' drive
【解析】 考察名词所有格的用法。“15分钟行程”是“数词+复数名词+名词”结构，数词之后的名词要用复数方式，所有格在名词词尾加一撇s。故选D。
【答案】 D
【例2】
I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right. It's one of the of my family.
A. plans B. jobs
C. programs D. rules
【解析】 考察可数名词词义剖析。依据句意判别，每天早上是家规之一,不是方案,作业或节目之一。故选D。
【答案】 D
【例3】There are some on the floor.
A. milk B. child C. boxes
【解析】 考察名词在语境中的剖析。there are后应接可数名词复数，milk是不可数名词,应扫除，child是可数名词奇数，也应扫除。故应选C。
【答案】 C
【例4】
I saw some and dancing in the street the day before yesterday.
A. Germen;Englishmen
B. Germans;Englishmans
C. Germans;Englishmen
【解析】 考察名词复数的用法。some润饰可数名词时,名词要用复数方式:德国人:Germans;英国人:Englishmen。故选C。句意:前天我看到一些德国人和英国人在街上跳舞。
【答案】 C
二. 温习名词时，要把名词放在实在的语境中操练，重视词义的剖析和一词多义。
1. 语境剖析
许多单项挑选填空题是经过发明某种言语环境，把词法、句法、惯用法、外交用语、词语剖析等各种内容融入其间。答题时，必定要依据语境捕捉题干信息，全面体会语句的真实意义，然后对各个选项进行比较挑选，终究确认最佳答案。
【例1】
—Do you come to South Korea for the of seeing your family or doing business?
—I come here on business.
A. interest B. benefit
C. purpose D. thought
【解析】 考察名词词义剖析。“for the purpose of(有……的意图)”是固定调配。故选C。句意:——你来韩国的意图是看望你的家人仍是经商?——我来这儿经商。
【答案】 C
【例2】
—Excuse me,haven't you learned the new law? Everyone in a car must wear the seat belt.
—Sorry,we won't do that again.
A. food B. traffic
C. medicine D. education
【解析】 考察名词在语境中的剖析。由依据后一句在车里的每个人有必要系安全带，可估测句意“打扰了，莫非你没有学习新的交通法规吗?”
【答案】 B
2. 词意剖析
做此类单项填空题要细心比较，细心琢磨，关键在于精确掌握词意。
【例1】
There are some in Dayton Art Museum. For example,no food or drinks is allowed inside.
A. jobs B. records
C. rules D. paintings
【解析】 考察名词词义剖析。jobs作业；records记载；rules规则，规则；paintings油画。由“no food or drinks is allowed inside”判别，艺术博物馆里不许吃喝是规则、规则，不是作业，录音或油画。故选C。
【答案】 C
【例2】
—Someone called you just now.
—I know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called back,there was no .
A. voice B. sound
C. answer D. result
【解析】 考察名词在语境中的剖析。句意：方才有人给你打电话。我知道。可是其时我正忙着。当我回拨的时分，没人接了。选C，answer答复，在此意为接电话。其他的voice说话声；sound声响；result成果，都不契合题意。故选C。
【答案】 C
【例3】
—Where is Thomas?
—He left a .
A. information B. message C. news
【解析】 考察名词单复数。冠词a提示空格处用可数名词。三个答案中只要message是可数名词。
【答案】 B
3
专项练习
1. More than 36 million Chinese children are receiving piano training, but quite a few have little in the piano and some even hate it.
A. interest B. surprise
C. attention D. success
2. It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books, so it's important to have real with languages，cultures and societies.
A. communication B. experience
C. knowledge D. influence
3. It is an English to have afternoon tea.
A. menu B. drink
C. festival D. tradition
4.I didn't know last year.
A. where he lives B. where does he live
C. where he lived D. where did he live
5.Some people ride bikes to work instead of driving in order to protect the environment and reduce pollution.
A. water B. air
C. soil D. white
6. (2013·广东广州)—My English teacher visited Canada last summer.
—Which city did he visit?
A. Paris. B. Washington.
C. London. D. Toronto.
7. is a program to help with children's education in poor areas.
A. Project Hope
B. World Wide Fund for Nature
C. Friends of the Earth
D. China Greener
8. (河北)The farmer keeps lots of on his farm.
A. sheep B. chicken
C. goose D. pandas
9. (江苏南京)The 4th China's Got Talent(我国达人秀) gives the child a chance to show his special .
A. ability B. behavior
C. education D. background
10.
—Recently, one after another terrible traffic accident has happened in China.
—Yes, the terrible on TV made us greatly shocked.
A. scenes B. sights
C. scenery D. views
【答案与解析】
1. A 解析：考察名词在语境中的剖析。“have little interest in(几乎没有爱好)”是固定调配。故选A。
2. B 解析：考察名词在语境中的剖析。communication沟通；experience阅历；knowledge知识；influence影响。依据句意判别，在某方面有真实阅历是重要的。“have real experience with sth.(在某方面有真实阅历)”固定调配。故选B。
3. D 解析：考察名词剖析。依据句意可知，“喝下午茶”是英国的传统，不是菜单、饮料或节日，所以扫除A、B、C三项。故选D。
4. C
5. B 解析：考察名词剖析。由题意可知：骑自行车替代开车去上班是为了削减空气污染，故选B。
6. D 解析：考察名词剖析，结合地理知识可知，只要Toronto归于Canada。
7. A 解析：考察词意剖析。结合时政知识，依据题意，协助赤贫区域儿童的教育，是希望工程。
8. A 解析：考察名词的复数。sheep的复数方式和奇数方式相同。
9. A 解析：考察名词的剖析。句意：第四届我国达人秀给孩子们供给了展现自己特别才干的时机。
10. A
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